Escape from Overshoot by Peter A. Victor

Author:Peter A. Victor
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: New Society Publishers

The changing distribution of employment by sector has been accompanied by a gradual reduction in paid working hours. Because the data coverage for working hours is incomplete, we can only describe the trend in working hours for OECD member countries, rather than for the whole world. There has been a continuous downward trend in the annual average hours of paid work (full and part-time work combined) from 1970 to 2020 in OECD countries as a group. The substantial drop in 2020 was due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which also changed the location of work, with more people working from home. It remains to be seen whether this will be a lasting change.

When we look at selected countries, we see that the substantial differences in average work time in 1970 have narrowed, especially since 1995. Working hours changed little in the USA; they decreased the most in Japan; and in Sweden they declined then increased from a low point in 1980. In 2019 the average annual hours in paid work were 1,777 in the USA and 1,440 in the Netherlands. Norway and Denmark had the lowest hours worked in OECD countries in that year with 1,381, while Germany had 1,383. At the other end of the scale was Colombia at 2,172.

FIGURE 5.36. Occupations with highest and lowest exposure to artificial intelligence.

Credit: M. Webb, (2019), “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Labor Market,” November 6. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3482150 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3482150

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